Colonia Suiza
The turnoff from Ruta 1 drops into Nueva Helvecia — still called Colonia Suiza by nearly everyone who lives there — a little before 11:00 am. The town was founded in 1862 by Swiss immigrants displaced by the economic disruptions of mid-century Europe: soldiers forbidden by law from continuing to serve as mercenaries abroad, small tradespeople undercut by industrialisation, families with not enough land and too many mouths. Uruguay offered fertile ground and a government willing to settle it. The first colonists came mostly from the Swiss cantons, with Germans, Austrians, Italians, and French arriving in subsequent waves, and within a generation they had built Uruguay's first tourist hotel — the Granja Hotel Suizo, opened in 1872 — and established the dairy and cheese-making traditions that would eventually make this corner of the Colonia department the most productive in the country.
The result of all that effort is a town with an identity distinct from any other in Uruguay. The Plaza de los Fundadores at its centre has an ornate flower clock and a granite monument to the founders; the water tower visible from across town has an architecture more Central European than Rioplatense. But the main reason to stop here is the cheese. Queso Colonia — the semi-hard, lightly holed, mild-to-medium yellow wheel now ubiquitous across Uruguay — was born in this valley, invented by settlers trying to replicate the Emmental and Gruyère of their homeland using local cow's milk, and slowly adapted into something distinctly its own over the decades. The first dairy operation started in 1869 at a farm on km 118 of Ruta 1; by the 1891 census there were already 100 dairies operating across the colony. Several artisan cheese factories along Ruta 1 and in town still welcome visitors, and a wheel of Colonia bought here, well-wrapped, will easily carry through to the end of the day.