Chos Malal
Chos Malal arrives by early afternoon. In Mapuche, the name means "yellow corral" — a reference either to the ochre-coloured sedimentary cliffs that frame the valley or, depending on the season, to the yellow autumn tones of the ñire trees on the surrounding hillsides. The town sits at the confluence of the Río Curí Leuvú and the Río Neuquén, at the exact midpoint of the Ruta 40. A monument near the southern approach marks kilometre 2,623 of the route — the geographic centre of the road's entire 5,000-kilometre length, celebrated by the travellers who stop here with stickers and signatures on the monument's reverse face.
Chos Malal was the first capital of Neuquén Territory, founded on 4 August 1887 by Colonel Manuel José Olascoaga on the site of a military fort established eight years earlier during the Campaña al Desierto. It lost the capital designation to the city of Neuquén in 1904, but retains the civic weight of that history in its fabric: the old torreón (watchtower) from the original Fuerte Cuarta División still stands near the town centre; the Museo Histórico Manuel José Olascoaga, on the main plaza, holds collections from the pre-Hispanic period through the territorial era; and the Casa Dewey — the oldest brick building in the former capital — now functions as a cultural centre. The town's streets have the slightly cuyanized character that comes from a century of proximity to Mendoza: the acequia system, the arched facades. The Ruta 40 midpoint hito, on the approach from the south, is hard to miss.
Lunch here, with time to walk the casco histórico before getting back on the road.
Arrival: Zapala
The afternoon drive from Chos Malal to Zapala descends from the northern Neuquén highlands into the broader central Patagonian steppe. The Andes recede to the west; the landscape opens into low hills and arid pampa. Zapala appears by late afternoon, a flat, wind-prone city of around 35,000 people straddling the junction of Routes 22 and 40 at 1,012 metres (3,320 ft).
The town was founded on 12 July 1913, when the Trannack family subdivided their estancia lands into lots, though the event that gave the settlement its real momentum came eight months later: on 2 February 1914, the first train from Buenos Aires arrived at the new terminal of the Ferrocarril General Roca. The station was meant to be a waypoint on a trans-Andean line that would eventually reach Chile; construction stalled in the 1920s and never resumed, leaving Zapala a terminus. The line still runs. In 1918, the town also entered aviation history when Lieutenant Luis Candelaria flew from here across the Andes to Cunco, Chile — the first aeroplane crossing of the Andes Mountains.
The city's most distinguished institution is the Museo Mineralógico Prof. Olsacher, which holds one of Argentina's most significant mineralogical collections — originally assembled by José Ignacio Garate Zubillaga and supplemented over decades — alongside palaeontological material from the Neuquén Basin. The Laguna Blanca National Park, about 30 kilometres south of town via Routes 40 and 46, is among the most important swan nesting sites in Patagonia, with close to 100 recorded bird species. It makes a logical extension for the following morning if time permits.
The name comes from the Mapuche chapadla — "dead swamp" — for the wetlands that once occupied the valley floor. The wind, which can reach 160 km/h in the stronger gusts, is as much a part of the character of the place as the steppe itself.